Unlike in Minecraft, real life obsidian is only mildly hard (pickaxe) (five on the Mohs scale), and very brittle (tnt). How do you get obsidian in real life? Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. Obsidian is produced when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. By wearing Obsidian crystal jewelry, carrying the stone, and incorporating it into your space, you can bring its protective energy into all aspects of your life. Wear: Wearing Obsidian in the form of jewelry is a powerful way to connect with the stone’s energy throughout the day. Obsidian is a natural volcanic glass that is formed as an igneous rock that is extrusive. Obsidian is formed by rapidly cooling felsic lava extruded from a volcano with limited growth in crystals.
| Born | Timothy Shawn Durham Sr. 1962 (age 58–59) |
|---|---|
| Occupation | Attorney (disbarred), investor |
| Criminal status | Inmate #60452-112; incarcerated at United States Penitentiary, McCreary; McCreary County, Kentucky; earliest possible release February 1, 2056 |
| Spouse(s) | Joan SerVaas Durham |
| Children | Timothy Durham Jr. |
| Conviction(s) | June 20, 2012 |
| Criminal charge | Wire fraud, securities fraud, conspiracy to defraud |
| Penalty | 50 years in prison, two years' supervised release (overturned September 4, 2014; reinstated June 26, 2015) |
Timothy Shawn Durham Sr. (born 1962) is an American lawyer and financier convicted in 2012 of the largest white collar crime in Indiana history.[1] His investment firm Obsidian Enterprises invested in a number of companies, including wireless device company BrightPoint and comedy brand National Lampoon, Incorporated, where Durham served as CEO.[2] In 2012, Durham was sentenced to 50 years in prison in connection with a Ponzi scheme that defrauded 5,400 investors, many of them elderly, of approximately $216 million, according to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.[3]
Early life and education[edit]
Durham grew up in Seymour, Indiana. He graduated from Indiana University and its law school.[4]
Career[edit]
Businesses and Obsidian[edit]
He worked for Ice Miller after graduation, and in 1989 he married Joan SerVaas.[4] Durham soon joined the investment firm owned by his wife's father, Indianapolis financier and longtime city council president Beurt SerVaas. Durham left the firm after his 1998 divorce. Durham was involved in taking over numerous ailing companies, including school bus manufacturer Carpenter, cargo trailer makers Danzer Industries and United Expressline, U.S. Rubber Reclaiming, and bus leasing firm Pyramid Coach.[citation needed]
In 2001, he took his company Obsidian public. The public company then invested in a range of companies, including a rally-car builder, a plastic surgery center, a car magazine, a tour bus operator, a limousine rental company, a nightclub, an Italian restaurant, and a cell-phone billing processor. Obsidian also invested in mobile device distributor BrightPoint and National Lampoon, Incorporated. From 2001 to 2006, Obsidian had cumulative losses of $30 million, according to the bankruptcy trustee. During that time Obsidian was borrowing heavily from Fair Finance Company, an Akron, Ohio-based creditor. Durham and accomplice James Cochran had acquired Fair Finance through a holding company in 2002.[5] Durham appointed Dan Laikin as CEO of National Lampoon Inc. The SEC alleged Laikin conspired to inflate the company's stock price to $5 in order to prevent the company from being delisted from the American Stock Exchange.[6] Laikin alerted authorities to Durham's financial schemes in hopes of getting a reduced sentence. Durham took over as Lampoon CEO after Laikin stepped down.[citation needed]
Raid and arrest[edit]
The offices of Obsidian and Fair Finance were raided by federal agents in 2009, suspected of involvement in a Ponzi scheme. Durham was arrested in 2011.[7]
On June 20, 2012; an Indianapolis jury convicted Durham of 10 counts of wire fraud, one count of securities fraud, and one count of conspiracy to defraud. On November 30, 2012; he was sentenced to 50 years in prison–at his age, effectively a life sentence.[8] While he faced a maximum of 225 years under sentencing guidelines, federal district judge Jane Magnus-Stinson said there was no point in handing down a sentence that long.[9] Nonetheless, Joe Hogsett, the U. S. Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana, called it the longest sentence ever imposed for a white-collar offense in Indiana history.[8]
On September 4, 2014, a federal appeals court overturned two of 10 wire fraud counts against Durham and ordered a new sentencing hearing, saying prosecutors failed to enter some key evidence into the trial record.[10] On June 26, 2015, Durham had his 50-year sentence reinstated. Magnus-Stinson said that 'the huge number of victims and the amount of devastation' left little reason to reduce the original sentence. He is serving his sentence at United States Penitentiary, McCreary in McCreary County, Kentucky.[11] He was also sentenced to two years' supervised release, but this was largely academic given the likelihood that he will die in prison. His earliest possible release will be February 1, 2056—when he will be 94 years old.
Fair Finance Co. trustee Brian Bash alleged in a lawsuit filed in 2012 that Durham's mother, Mitza Durham, received more than $831,000 in 'fraudulent transfers' from her son between 2006 and 2009 that needed to be repaid to the company estate.[12] In 2014, Mitza Durham agreed to repay Fair Finance Co. $500,000, plus interest.[13][14]
Personal life[edit]
Political activism[edit]
According to Businessweek, Durham was a prominent Republican fundraiser. He served on the steering committee for Mitch Daniels' successful gubernatorial bid in 2004 and headed the Indiana fundraising effort for Rudy Giuliani's 2008 Presidential campaign.'[3]
References[edit]
- ^Hayes, Jessica (March 16, 2011). Tim Dunham indicted.WISH-TV
- ^Mackinnon, Jim (February 18, 2011). Lawsuit says Fair Finance owner Timothy Durham 'looted' investment company.Akron Beacon Journal
- ^ abLowrey, Annie (July 28, 2011). Tim Durham, the Madoff of the Midwest.Bloomberg Businessweek
- ^ abAnn Marie Tiernon (November 17, 2010). 'Tim Durham: Exclusive interview'. WTHR.
- ^'Ex-National Lampoon CEO Tim Durham Gets 50 Years in Prison'. Business Week. November 30, 2012.[dead link]
- ^Irwin, Mary Jane (December 19, 2008). Lampooned By Its Own Petard.Forbes
- ^Blankstein, Andrew (March 16, 2011). National Lampoon chief arrested in alleged $200-million Ponzi scheme.Los Angeles Times
- ^ abHarris, Andrew. Ex-National Lampoon CEO Tim Durham Gets 50 Years Prison. Bloomberg News, 2012-11-30.
- ^Ritchie, Carrie (November 30, 2012). Judge sentences Tim Durham to 50 years in prison for defrauding investorsIndianapolis Star
- ^Russell, John. Two fraud counts against Tim Durham overturned. The Indianapolis Star, 2014-09-04.
- ^Olson, Scott. Durham fails to convince judge to reduce 50-year sentence. Indianapolis Business Journal, 2015-06-26.
- ^Greg Andrews (January 22, 2012). 'Fair trustee sues Durham's mother for $831,000'. Indianapolis Business Journal. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
- ^www.equities.comhttps://archive.today/20150217030528/http://www.equities.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=newsdetail&id=73605. Archived from the original on 2015-02-17.Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ^Jim Mackinnon (September 14, 2014). 'Mother of Fair Finance scamster Durham settles lawsuit for $500,000'. Akron Beacon Journal. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
External links[edit]
Obsidian is a glassy black substance formed when lava cools in a short amount of time. Due to the rapid rate of cooling, very few crystals can form in the material. This makes obsidian essentially a natural glass, and it has proven useful because of its lack of crystals. In particular, it can be cut to have very sharp edges. It was a favored material for weapons during the Stone Age, and is still used in some surgical instruments today.
In Real Life Members
It’s not hard to recognize obsidian. It is often black in color, and even in unpolished form it is often quite shiny. It’s made up of about 70% silicon dioxide or more, which accounts for its color. However, if obsidian mixes with some minerals it can take on other colors. For example, a high level of iron or magnesium may cause the rock to appear dark green instead of black. Some has a snowflake pattern that results from cristobalite forming on the top.
In other instances, the substance bubbles and forms into layers. This can create rainbow or golden obsidian. These two variants are more difficult to find in great quantity.
Obsidian Portal In Real Life
Obsidian is not really a mineral or a rock, because it does not contain crystalline structures. Some refer to it as a mineraloid. A mineraloid is a mineral-like substance that lacks crystal structures. Other examples of mineraloids include opals and pearls.
It is a relatively soft substance, with only a rating of about 5 to 5.5 on the Mohs Scale. However, despite its softness, it was a preferred material for manufacturing weapons since it could be refined to have a very sharp edge. One can still find arrowheads throughout North America made from obsidian. It could also be used for decorative purposes. The stone statues on Easter Island are made from this material.
Making Obsidian In Real Life
Some surgeons, particularly cardiothoracic surgeon, use scalpels and surgical knives made of obsidian. The sharper the knife can be, the less damage it does to the tissues when cutting. These special surgical cutting instruments often lessen healing time because of their sharpness.
In Real Life Malaysia
One can find obsidian in numerous places on the earth, particularly in areas like quarries, or where there has been volcanic activity. However, it does deteriorate into tiny glass crystals over time. There are no examples from earlier than the Cretaceous Period, 145 to 400 million years ago.